Objective:To investigate ultrastructure manifestation of vertebal bodies after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in osteoporotic goats with three different filling materials:polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA),calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and rhBMP-2/CPC.Methods:After OVX (Ovariectomy),6~8 years old healthy ewes (n=8) were divided into three groups at random,four months later,the osteoporotic models were set up.Two vertebral body (L2~L6) of each ewe were selected at random,which were augmented with PMMA,CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC respectively under fluoroscopic guidance and intravenous anaesthesia.The filling materials were different in two vertebra of each ewe respectively.Sixteen vertebral bodies from eight ewes were observed by scan electron microscopy four months after OVX.