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20世纪90年代以来,美国斯坦福大学的艾夫纳·格瑞夫教授运用博弈论与历史经验的归纳性分析相结合的研究方法,以中世纪晚期的热那亚和马格里布为典型案例,对不同文化传统对经济制度、政治体制和社会结构变迁所产生的影响,进行了深入具体的历史比较制度分析,进一步对近代以来东西方国家社会经济发展走上不同道路的根源,提出了全新的说明与阐释。研究结果表明,早在中世纪欧洲的“商业革命”时期,热那亚和马格里布就已经分别形成了个人主义和集体主义的文化传统,而这两种不同的文化传统对两个社会经济、政治制度的选择和社会经济的发展产生了深刻而持久的影响,并在很大程度上决定了它们的长期制度变迁轨迹和社会经济发展的不同道路。
Since the 1990s, Professor Irvine Greif at Stanford University in the United States has applied the research method of the combination of game theory and inductive analysis of historical experience. Taking Genoa and Maghreb in the late Middle Ages as typical examples, The traditional system of economic system, political system and social structure changes made a detailed analysis of the historical comparative system, and further on the social and economic development in East and West countries since the modern embarked on a different path to the root, put forward a new explanation and interpretation . The results show that as early as the “commercial revolution” in medieval Europe, Genoa and Maghreb had formed individualistic and collectivist cultural traditions, respectively, and these two different cultural traditions exerted great influence on the two social economies The choice of the political system and the development of social economy have had a profound and lasting impact and to a great extent determined the different paths of their long-term institutional change and socio-economic development.