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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar level in the setting of insulin resistance.T2D is highly prevalent in adults but seemingly incurable with current therapeutic approaches.Studies report that melatonin plays a protective role in T2D through regulation of glucose metabolism.Here we show that noninvasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) induces rhythmic secretion of melatonin, glucagon and insulin, and shows antidiabetic function in diabetic Zucker fatty (ZDF) rats.