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Background: Innate immune cells initiate an immediate response to pathogens by generating abundant pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β).Production of IL-1 β is tightly controlled at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.The NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex composed of NOD-like receptor-containing pyrin 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and pro-caspase-1, plays a critical role in IL-1β maturation at the post-translational level.