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This work presents an explicit low-order model of a twin-tube continuously-variable damper (CVD).This damper is typically installed in semi-active suspensions and is of the hydraulic type.The physical model of the damper is derived based on the rational polynomial formulation.This formulation is utilized to represent the mix flow behaviors across fluid passages, particularly valves inside the CVD.During its operation, the CVD contains two working stages: rebound and compression;thus, separated equations are required to describe its relevant behaviors.