【摘 要】
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Observational studies are rarely based on pure random samples.Most often exogenous sampling is used and the usual estimators can be applied.If instead a sam
【机 构】
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StatisticsSchool,SouthwesternUniversityofFinanceandEconomics
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Observational studies are rarely based on pure random samples.Most often exogenous sampling is used and the usual estimators can be applied.If instead a sample,intentionally or unintentionally,is based in part on values taken by a dependent variable,parameter estimates may be inconsistent unless corrective measures are taken.Such samples can be broadly defined as selected samples.In many cases,selection may be due to self-selection,with the outcome of interest determined in part by individual choice of whether or not to participate in the activity of interest and the self-selection will also be inuenced by some risk factors.
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