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Aim: To determine the effect of selected medicinal plants on Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured under anaerobic conditions.Material and Methods: Acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of the plants Acorus calamus L.(rhizome), Ocimum sanctum L.(leaf), Piper nigrum L.(seed), and Pueraria tuberosa DC.(tuber) were tested for their action on H37Rv intracellularly (A549) and in axenic culture under reducing oxygen concentrations.Results & Conclusions: Five of the twelve plant extracts showed =60％ inhibition of the bacterial growth intracellularly.Amongst these 5 extracts, in axenic conditions under reduced oxygen concentrations, P.nigrum (acetone) was active under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions indicating presence of multiple components acting at different levels.P.tuberosa (aqueous) showed bactericidal activity under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions but not under aerobic conditions implying that like pyrazinamide it may be effective only on persisting bacteria.Activity of P.nigrum (aqueous) and A.calamus (aqueous and alcohol) extracts only on intracellular growth of bacteria could be suggestive that their mode of action is by activating host defense mechanisms to mediate bacterial killing with no their direct action (axenic set up) on the bacterial growth.