1 Introduction A major goal of beef cattle producers across the world is to raise animals that maximize profit by improving quality while minimizing input costs.Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed efficiency that is moderately heritable and believed to be unrelated to most other performance traits.While it has great potential to generate economic benefits, RFI has not been adopted universally.Both Australia and Canada now include RFI as a performance trait in genetic selection programs although it has not been widely adopted in the U.S.The reasons are complex but it is both expensive to measure and complicated to explain to producers (Figure 1).