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A MRI nanosensor for Hg (II) was developed based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs).The detection mechanism is attributed to Hg (II)-induced nanoassembly of thymidinefunctionalized SPIO NPs from a dispersed to an aggregated state with a corresponding decrease in the transverse relaxation time (T2) of adjacent water protons.Furthermore,an enhancement of transverse relaxation rates (1/T2) showed the high selectivity for Hg (II) compared with other transition and main group metal ions.