The incidence and mortality of Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have been increasing in the United States and worldwide for reasons which remain to be determined.CCA is an often fatal primary malignancy of the intra-and extrahepatic biliary tract that is commonly associated with chronic cholestasis and significantly elevated levels of primary and conjugated bile acids (CBAs), which are correlated with bile duct obstruction.Bile duct obstruction has also recently been shown to promote CCA progression.