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The biodiversity and indigenous knowledge in Viet Nam generally is very abundant and diverse. But these material and non-material resources are facing degradation and loss. Truong Son cordillera is located in 21 provinces/cities of Viet Nam, the spine of Indochina peninsula that situated between Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia. Biodiversity and cultural resources of the Truong Son cordillera is also facing degradation. The local people in Truong Son region are mainly the ethnic minorities, who settle in this region for long time ago. Their indigenous knowledge and cultural tradition as community conventions and customary laws have been contributed positively and effectively to biodiversity conservation. Protection and sustainable exploitation of Truong Son cordillera resources is the insurance of environmental security not only in Viet Nam particularly, but also in three countries in Indochina Mekong Region generally.