Purpose.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on retinal function and on glutamate transporters (GLAST) and glutamine synthetase (GS) expressions in diabetic rats retinas.Methods.Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control (CON), diabetic (DM), normal rats treated with 5 mg/kg/d RSV (CON+L-RSV) and 10 mg/kg/d RSV (CON+H-RSV), and diabetic rats treated with 5 mg/kg/d RSV (DM+L-RSV) and 10 mg/kg/d RSV (DM+H-RSV).The electroretinogram technology was used to evaluate retinal functions of rats from CON, DM, CON+L-RSV, CON+H-RSV, DM+L-RSV and DM+H-RSV groups at 1 month, 3, 5, and 7 months.Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and ELISA analysises were used to research the GLAST and GS expressions in rats retinas.Results.7 months RSV administrations (5 and 10 mg/kg/d) significantly alleviated hyperglycemia and weight loss in diabetic rats.1 month, 3, 5, and 7 months RSV administrations also significantly attenuated diabetes-induced decrease in amplitude of a-wave in rod response, decreases in amplitude of a-, and b-wave in cone and rod response and decrease in amplitude of OP2 in oscillatory potentials.In addition, 7 months RSV treatments significantly inhibited diabetes-induced delay in OP2 implicit times in scotopic 3.00PS test.Also, the down-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of GLAST and GS in diabetic rats retinas were prevented by RSV administrations (5 and 10 mg/kg/d) at 1 month, 3, 5, and 7 months.Conclusions.These beneficial antidiabetic results suggest that RSV may be considered as a therapeutic option to prevent from diabetic retinopathy.