Carbon nanotubes have attracted lots of attention from various fields of scientists because they exhibited extraordinary physical and chemical properties due to their intrinsic nano-sized onedimensional nature.Thus,their intrinsic characteristics will make revolutionize everything from computer,bio-and medical-device,batteries,nanocomposite-based vehicles to electronic nanodevice etc in the near future.In this account,we will review the history,recent progress of the industrial-scale production of carbon nanotubes and their current practical applications.Finally,their potential toxic nature on human health and environment will be discussed with detailed and systematic studies of toxicological evidences.