Combining controllable photothermal therapy and efficacious gene therapy in a single platform holds great promise in cancer therapy due to the enhanced combined therapeutic effects.Herein, polyethyleneimine-grafted oxidized mesoporous carbon nanospheres (OP) were developed for combinedphotothermal combined gene therapy in vitro and in vivo.The synthesized OP was characterized to have three dimensional spherical structure with uniformed diameter,ordered mesopores with graphitic domains, high water dispersion with zeta potential of +22 mV, and good biocompatibility.Consequently, OP was exploited as the photothermal convertor with strong NIR adsorption and the gene vector via electrostatic interaction, which therefore cannot only deliver the therapeutic gene (pING4) to tumors for gene therapy, but also can eliminate the tumors by photothermal ablation.Moreover, the improved gene therapy accompanied by the NIR photothermally enhanced gene release was also well achieved based on OP.The excellent combined therapeutic effects demonstrated in vitro and in vivo suggested the OPs potential for cancer therapy.