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水资源条件、水权制度及水利开发的社会组织形式,是影响绿洲灌溉农业发展和生态环境的重要因素。由清代到民国和田社会的生产关系发生了重大变化,垦荒活动蓬勃兴起。本文联系和田农业灌溉水资源环境,着重考察民国时期和田绿洲出现的社会水利组织及其在大规模垦荒活动中起到的作用,并通过对和田水权“区村制度”的分析,探讨了该制度的特点及其在农业开发中的实际效用。结论认为,民国时期和田社会大规模垦荒活动的兴盛与萎缩与该水利组织和水权制度具有较密切的联系。
The conditions of water resources, the water right system and the social organization of water conservancy development are important factors affecting the development of oasis irrigated agriculture and the ecological environment. Significant changes have taken place in the relations of production between Wada and Wada in the Qing Dynasty, and reclamation activities have flourished. In this paper, the paper deals with the irrigation and water resources environment in Hetian, focusing on the social water organizations that appeared in Hotan Oasis during the Republic of China and their role in large-scale reclamation activities. By analyzing the water rights of Wada and the “village system” The characteristics of the system and its actual utility in agricultural development. The conclusion is that the flourishing and shrinking of large-scale reclamation and reclamation activities in Hetian’s society during the Republic of China was closely related to the water rights organization and water right system.