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Objective To explore the effect of Boma disease virus (BDV) infection on human oligodendrocytes (OL cells) proliferation and apoptosis.Methods BDV infection of OL cells was detected by P40 Immunofluorescence, proliferation of cell growth was observed by CCK8 assay, and detected the apoptosis and cell cycle changes using flow cytometry.Relative expression levels of apoptotic targets Bax, Bcl-2 were also detected by Western-blot.Results Compare to negative control cells, three days after BDV infection, expression of experimental cells P40 protein was positive.As the infection time increased, proliferation of OL cells were decreased.Detected by flow cytometry, 3 days after infection, apoptotic cells increased.Determined by flow cytometry, Infected cells cycle delayed in G2 phase, and cell proliferation index decreased.Expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased, and expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased.Conclusion BDV infection could inhibit cell proliferation, and induce cell apoptosis increased through increasing Bax protein expression and resducing the Bcl-2 protein expression.