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Background: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are therapeutic agents for treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis and Paget s disease.Several nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) and phosphonocarboxylate (PC) analogues also have potential as anti-cancer agents.Recently, there have been studies indicating their potential use in some inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and pulmonary fibrosis.However, details of the skeletal distribution, cellular uptake and mechanisms of these drugs remain to be elucidated, stimulating the creation of imaging probes which mimic some or all of their pharmacological properties.