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本文主要依托卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》和《尾随主义与辩证法》(Tailism and the Dialectic),围绕着辩证法与革命之间的内在关联,对卢卡奇的辩证法思想进行了系统的梳理。文章指出,卢卡奇明确地把辩证法理解为一条内在的超越的道路。他一方面以“总体性”范畴为核心,对德国古典哲学进行了重新解读,把黑格尔的辩证法理解为“内容”的辩证法;另一方面又把无产阶级意识的生成当作在历史中实现辩证法的关键环节。通过这两个环节,辩证法就与革命实现了内在的同一,二者都意味着在历史之中对历史的创造。以这条内在的超越的道路为参照,我们就会看到后来的批判理论和激进政治哲学为了守住那个超越的向度,分别从两个不同的方向对它进行了修正。
Based on Lukács’s “History and Class Consciousness” and “Tailism and the Dialectic,” this article systematically sorts out Lukacs’s dialectical thinking around the inner relationship between dialectics and revolution . The article points out that Lukacs clearly understood dialectics as an inherent transcendence. On the one hand, with the category of “totalitarianism” as the core, he reinterpreted the classical philosophy in Germany and interpreted Hegel’s dialectics as the dialectic of “content ”. On the other hand, when the generation of proletarian consciousness As the key link in the realization of dialectics in history. Through these two links, dialectics and the revolution have achieved an inherent unity, both of which mean the creation of history in history. With this internal transcendental path as a reference, we shall see later critical theories and radical political philosophy correct it in two different directions in order to hold that transcendental dimension.