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Yellow cattle in South China is a rich genetic resource of bovine animals, which have good adaptability but with small body figure and low growth rate.In this study, bovine breeds, Yunling, Yunnan high-humped, Leiqiong and Simmental, were used as subjects, and based on analysis of production traits,hormones associated with production: GH, IGF-Ⅰ, TSH, INS, T3 and T4, were also assayed.Moreover, the transcriptive and epigenetic portraits were revealed using transcriptomic sequencing and methylation analysis.Results showed that:1.Yunnan high-humped had a lower growth performance than Yunling or at the same age.2.At the age of 1.5 years old, Yunnan high-humped had a lower level in GH, IGF-Ⅰ, T3 than Simmental, but had a higher level in T4 than Simmental.Yunling had similar level of GH and IGF-1 to Simmental, but had higher level in T3, T4 and TSH than Yunnan high-humped and Simmental,3.At the age of 1.5 years old, the body weight and size correlated with GH, IGF1, and T3.4.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SLCO1C1, CALD1 and some other differentially expressed genes could affect the hormone levels, which could play a pivotal role in the growth and development at the age of around 1.5 years old.5.Signaling pathways such as CAMs, GnRH signaling pathway and Calcium regulation, could affect the growth performance of bovine populations.The results would pave a sound foundation for exploring the major effective genes associated with growth and development in yellow cattle in South China, and provide some basis for beef cattle breeding.