Gender Disparity in Education:What Matters More,Region or Religion?

来源 :第四届国际教育研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:cr15mo3
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This paper compares GD(Gender disparity)in education between IC(Islamic Countries)and NIC(Non—Islamic countries).It is perceived that GD is moreprominent and flagrant in IC as compared to NIC.The main focus is to find if thedifference iS more prominent based on religious lines or on regional lines.The paperdoes not focus Gn Muslim or non-Muslims but on IC and NIC.As in some NIC,Muslims may not send their children especially the girls due to cultural or religiousreservations.In ICs,there are no such reservations SO people may make decision morefreely.The paper used secondary source data analysis(Data Source:UNSD Reports,20 1 1).Though the data belongs to different years(mostly from 2007 to 2009);but foruniformity,only one source was used.The areas of education focused were YL(kbuthLiteracy),AL(Adult Literacy)and TE(Tertiary Education).This decision was basedon the opinion that YL is the most productive in the future life,AL is the bestindicator of overall learning and may also be the best indicator for life-long learning,and TE shows the highest level of education.So it is assumed that these three areasmay give a comprehensive picture.The criterion for IC is the full membership of OIC(Organization of Islamic Cooperation).All the countries were divided based onreligion(Islamic and Non.Islamic)and regions(Asia,African,North America,SouthAmerica and Oceania).Two parallel approached were used for data analysis:statistical and mathematical.Using SPSS,a series of T Tests were conducted betweenIC and NIC at world and the aforementioned regional levels.Later ANOVA tests wereconducted to compare the whole of the regions to the others(IC and NIC combined)to determine the regional factors.In statistical analysis,it was concluded through TTests that in AL and YL at world level,GDR(Gender Disparity Rate)is significantlyhigher in IC as compared to NIC,but it is only in Africa where same is the case.In other regions.the different is not significant.In TE,there significant difference wasfound between at any level.ANOVA tests showed that in African GDR is significantly higher.In mathematical approach mean average GDR of the regions in which bothIC and NIC exist(Asia,Africa,Europe and South America)was taken.Then the overall average of such regions was compared(to eliminate the regional factors).As per mathematical analysis,the mean average difference at world level is-0.29,-3.54 and-3.35 in TE.AL and YL respectively.This can’t be generalized as the data was collected through surveys,but still it can be suggestive.The paper does not talk about literacy rate but GDR.The papler leaves a question why GDR iS SO high in African IC as compared to African NIC.No Paper was found that focused on this topic and answered it.The research iS unique and original as to the best knowledge.the previous such comparisons were based on the difierent religious groups in a country or among two or three difierent countries.This iS the 6rst time that a research has been conducted on this topic comparing all the countries whose data iS with UNSD. The method of analysis was also.to my knowledge new and difierent in this topic.
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