Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of neurosurgical patients; however, no data regarding lower-extremity DVT in postoperative Chinese neurosurgical patients have been reported.Materialsandmethods:From January, 2012 to December, 2013,196 patients without preoperative DVTwho underwent neurosurgical operations were evaluated by Color Doppler ultrasonography and D-dimer level measurements on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after surgery.Follow-up clinical data were recorded to determine the incidence of lower-extremityDVT in postoperative neurosurgical patients and to analyze related clinical features.First, a single factor analysis,chi-square test, was used to select statistically significant factors.Then, a multivariate analysis, binary logistic regression analysis, was used to determine risk factors for lower-extremity DVT in postoperative neurosurgical patients.Results: Lower-extremity DVT occurred in 61 patients, and the incidence of DVT was 31.1% in the enrolled Chinese neurosurgical patients.The common symptoms of DVT were limb swelling and lower extremity pain as well as increased soft tissue tension.The common sites of venous involvement were the calf muscle and peroneal and posterior tibial veins.The single factor analysis showed statistically significant differences in DVT risk factors, including age, hypertension,smoking status, operation time, a bedridden or paralyzed state, the presence of a tumor,postoperative dehydration, and glucocorticoid treatment, between the two groups (p<0.05).The binary logistic regression analysis showed that an age greater than 50 years,hypertension, a bedridden or paralyzed state, the presence of a tumor, and postoperative dehydration were risk factors for lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis in postoperative neurosurgical patients.Conclusions: Lower-extremity DVT was a common complication following craniotomy in the enrolled Chinese neurosurgical patients.Multiple factors were identified as predictive of DVT in neurosurgical patients, including the presence of a tumor,an age greater than 50 years, hypertension, and immobility.