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本文通过审视Pbaedrus和《论语》中苏格拉底和孔子对核心概念的说明,分析他们修辞手段的异同和背后隐藏的价值观。分析揭示,苏格拉底对核心概念的说明依托逻辑推理,尤其是三段论,喜用下定义、分类等方法,反映了一种科学的崇尚理性的价值观。而孔子倾向于列举抽象概念在实践中的具体体现,体现了一种崇尚命和悟性的价值观。由于两书分别对西方文化和中国文化影响都比较深远,两本书中体现的说明概念的修辞手段对修辞传统和修辞教育的影响及现实意义值得重视。
This paper examines the core concepts of Socrates and Confucius in Pbaedrus and The Analects by analyzing the similarities and differences and rhetoric behind them. The analysis revealed that Socrates’ statement of the core concept relied on logical reasoning, especially the syllogism, and liked to define, categorize and use other methods to reflect a scientific value of advocating rationality. Confucius, on the other hand, tends to enumerate the concrete embodiment of abstract concepts in practice and embodies the values of respecting life and understanding. Due to the profound influence of the two books on Western culture and Chinese culture respectively, it is worth noting the influence and practical significance of the rhetorical devices that illustrate the concepts embodied in the two books on the traditional rhetoric and rhetorical education.