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The development of new biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an urgent medical need.Epithelial Lining Fluid (ELF), collected during bronchoscopy from the main bronchi using microprobes, is a biofluid that is wellsuited to study pathophysiological processes in the lung, because it contains high concentrations of biologically active molecules.Proteomic analysis of ELF by 1-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by in-gel tryptic digestion and microfluidics-based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (chipLC-MS/MS) resulted in identification of 332 proteins.A comparative study of ELF from COPD patients and healthy controls using stable isotope labeling (iTRAQ(R)-8Plex) showed that the levels of lactotransferrin, high-mobility group box 1 protein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and cofilin-1 differed significantly in ELF from COPD patients and healthy controls.