【摘 要】
：
等离子体破裂是托卡马克装置放电过程中经常发生的突发性事件,在破裂过程中,等离子体内能(热能和磁能)会在很短的时间内(几个毫秒)沉积到第一壁上去,从而会对装置内部结构造成很大的破坏性[1]；这也是未来的ITER 等聚变装置所必须考虑和解决的关键问题之一.作为未来ITER 装置开展等离子体破裂缓解备选杂质注入方式的高压气体注入(massive gas injection,MGI)已经在国际上大多数托卡
【机 构】
：
中科院等离子体物理研究所,安徽合肥,230031
论文部分内容阅读
等离子体破裂是托卡马克装置放电过程中经常发生的突发性事件,在破裂过程中,等离子体内能(热能和磁能)会在很短的时间内(几个毫秒)沉积到第一壁上去,从而会对装置内部结构造成很大的破坏性[1]；这也是未来的ITER 等聚变装置所必须考虑和解决的关键问题之一.作为未来ITER 装置开展等离子体破裂缓解备选杂质注入方式的高压气体注入(massive gas injection,MGI)已经在国际上大多数托卡马克装置上进行过相关的实验研究[2],实验结果显示：如果在破裂发生前快速地向等离子体内部注入一定量的杂质气体(氦,氖,氩等惰性气体),则可以使等离体能量以辐射的方式耗散掉,减小其对装置的危害.为了满足在EAST 上开展高压气体注入缓解等离子体破裂的实验需求,研究人员成功研发了双涡流驱动快速充气阀[3],该阀的响应时间不大于0.15ms,而阀门的整个开启时间可以控制在2ms 以内,其单次注入粒子数可以在0-7×1022调节,完全可以满足在EAST 上开展等离子体破裂缓解研究的需求.该阀门安装在EAST 水平P 窗口,阀门出气口距离等离子体边界大约2.3m,该阀已经成功的应用于2015 年EAST 春季物理实验研究,实验中注入的粒子数范围为20 21 4×10-4×10 个,大约为等离子体密度的1-10 倍数,所用的气体为氦气.电子回旋及软X 射线数据显示,在快阀被触发2ms 后,气体冷前锋就进入等离子体边界(对应的氦杂质粒子热速度为1240m/s,与理论计算的结果相似,在300k 时,氦的热速度为1263m/s)；实验结果还显示,与自然破裂的等离子体相比,充气导致的破裂的辐射能有很大提高,并且随着注入粒子数的增加辐射会变的更强.辐射能的增强会导致传递到偏滤器靶板的热负载减小,这可以很明显的从红外相机信号上得到.在EAST 上,当发生垂直位移稳定性(VDE)时,会有大约几十千安的晕电流产生.快速充气也会导致晕电流的产生,但是与自然的VDE 相比,其产生的晕电流只有自然VDE 的三分之一,这可能是由于充气导致了刮削层区域的电阻增大和垂直位移变化率的减小.
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