Microalloying has been successfully applied for various steel made long products in order to improve component performance or to ease processing.Microalloying might contribute to cost savings due to optimized or substituted heat treatments, it can improve the balance of strength and toughness or improve the cyclic behavior due to improved microstructures.New approaches are to provide damage tolerant matrix behavior and by this to increase the service lifetime in high strength steels.Compared to the well-known application of microalloying for flat products, the use of Niobium, Titanium and Vanadium in steels with higher C content and during long process chains requests for specific materials and process design rules.This paper deals with the beneficial options for the control of austenite grain size and transformation kinetics as well as with the constraints for dissolution,precipitation coarsening and segregation effects.