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An anionic 3D MOF of JXNU-4 with 1D channels occupied by the extraframework dimethylammonium cations was chosen as a parent compound to host Eu3+cations by uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms in its pores through a cation exchange experiment.The Eu3+-incorporated sample Eu3+@JXNU-4 is structurally characterized and displays excellent Eu3+luminescence and good fluorescence stability in aqueous solution,which is resulted from the sensitization and protection provided by the parented framework.The Eu3+@JXNU-4 was developed as a fluorescent probe for urine 1-hydroxypyrene(1-HP),which is a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)carcinogens and represents the internal dose of PAHs exposure in the human body.In the presence of 1-HP,the 1-HP emission emerges and Eu3+@JXNU-4 exhibits 1-HP-and Eu3+-based dual emission.