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尼日利亚是非洲人口最多的国家,总人口13,200万。其中穆斯林人口6,600万。在尼日利亚宪法中,伊斯兰法律作为一项信仰被保护。尼日利亚在过去的殖民主义时代和独立之后直至现在都还一直适用伊斯兰教法。像许多后殖民主义国家一样,尼日利亚是一个民族主义盛行的国度,北部信仰伊斯兰教而南部信仰基督教。人们通常认为宗教法优于世俗法,可以更好地解决高犯罪率和腐败问题。于是,从2000年2月开始,北部11州相继制定并颁布了伊斯兰刑法典。但是,伊斯兰刑法典制定得非常匆忙以至于没有指导该法实施的纲领性文件,法律的框架存在很大的漏洞:如错误的重复说明,有缺陷的措辞和用语,以及许多遗漏之处。本文试图从2003年的阿米娜案入手,分析伊斯兰刑法典的产生的历史背景和刑罚体系,并对其存在的问题进行评价。
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a total population of 132 million. The population of Muslims is 66 million. In the Nigerian Constitution, Islamic law is protected as a religion. Nigeria has always applied Sharia law since the colonial era and independence of the past. Like many post-colonial countries, Nigeria is a prevalent nationalist state, with Islam in the north and Christian in the south. Religion is generally considered superior to the secular law, which can better solve the problem of high crime and corruption. Thus, from February 2000 onwards, the northern 11 states have enacted and promulgated the Islamic Penal Code. However, the Islamic Penal Code is so hasty that there is no programmatic document to guide the implementation of the law. There are many loopholes in the legal framework: repeated mistakes, flawed wording and terminology, and many omissions. This article attempts to start from the Amina case in 2003, analyzes the historical background and penalty system of the Islamic Penal Code, and evaluates its existing problems.