儒家礼制对“正祀”与“淫祀”有着严格的界定,但实践中并不容易将两者截然分割开来。始建于元代,数百年间一直香火兴旺的北京东岳庙,其修建经费或来自国家财政,或来自皇帝内帑,或来自上至后妃下至庶民的私人捐献,乃是朝廷和私人共同构建的一个“公共空间”。它虽然被列入国家祀典,但与儒家的礼制原则有所背离,因而受到一些士大夫的质疑,但也有不少士大夫为其辩护,并得到皇帝的大力支持。明清两代的东岳庙祭祀群体,既存在着明显的连续性,也出现了明显的变化,总起来看是民间性越来越强,其中行业性祭祀团体的出现尤其值得注意。 Confucian etiquette has a strict definition of “worship ” and “obscenity ”, but in practice it is not easy to separate the two completely. Founded in the Yuan Dynasty, Beijing Dongyue Temple, which has been flourishing for hundreds of years, has been funded by the government or private sector from the state treasury, private donations from imperial nephew or from imperial concubine to common people Build a “public space ”. Though included in the national ceremony, it departed from Confucian principles of rites. It was questioned by some scholar-officials. However, many doctors and physicians defended them and won the strong support of the emperor. Ming and Qing dynasties Dongyue Temple sacrificial communities, there is not only a clear continuity, but also a clear change, the total view is more and more popular, of which the emergence of industrial sacrificial groups is particularly noteworthy.