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细胞培养、动物实验、临床实验都有证据表明鱼油补充能改善一些免疫性疾病,抑制炎症反应。其机制包括,鱼油中 n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(EPA,DHA)能置换细胞膜上的花生四烯酸(AA,n-6),竞争环加氧酶和脂氧合酶减少来源于 AA 的炎性介质,减轻炎症反应;n-3 PUFAs 也可通过改变细胞膜脂肪酸构成来影响细胞膜流动性,膜上相关信号分子、酶、受体的功能,从而改变信号传导过程。此外,通过影响酶或细胞因子的基因表达,抑制前炎症因子产生,调节粘附分子表达来调节免疫功能,这种机制可不依赖类二十烷酸物质产生。鱼油中富含的 EPA(C20:5,n-3)和 DHA(C22:6,n-3)对抑制炎症和免疫的作用最为显著。
Cell culture, animal experiments, clinical trials have evidence that fish oil supplementation can improve some immune diseases, inhibit the inflammatory response. The mechanisms include the replacement of arachidonic acid (AA, n-6) in cell membranes by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DHA) in fish oil, reduction of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase from AA Inflammatory mediators can reduce the inflammatory reaction. N-3 PUFAs can also change the signal transduction process by changing the membrane fatty acid composition to affect the membrane fluidity, membrane-related signaling molecules, enzymes and receptors. In addition, modulation of immune function by affecting gene expression of enzymes or cytokines, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production, and regulation of adhesion molecule expression may be independent of eicosanoid production. EPA (C20: 5, n-3) and DHA (C22: 6, n-3), which are rich in fish oil, are the most effective at inhibiting inflammation and immunity.