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Aim of this study: Our study was designed to investigate the therapeutic time window and underlying therapeutic mechanism of breviscapinun injection against cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury.Methods: In the present study,Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h.Rats were intravenous injected with 40 mg/kg breviscapinun injection at different time-points and the same doses were administered every 24 h for 3 consecutive days.After 72 h of reperfusion,neurologic scores,infarct volume and the levels of neuron-specific enolase were measured in a masked fashion.To explore the role of HIF-1α in the neuroprotective effects of breviscapinun injection,immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis in a separate study were performed after 3 and 24 h of reperfusion.Results: Treatment with breviscapinun significantly ameliorated neurologic deficit,reduced infarct volume and suppressed the NSE levels in a time-dependent manner.Moreover,treatment with breviscapinun increased the expression of HIF-1α protein at 3 and 24 h after reperfusion.Conclusions: These results suggest that the therapeutic time window of breviscapinun injection for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury seem to be within 5 h after reperfusion,and by increasing the expression of HIF-1α may be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of breviscapinun.