综观古今中外的文学实践,人们不难发现,在文学这一特殊的语义系统内,创作主体常常运用各种修辞技巧对语言重新编码,从而造成含蓄意指和语义扩张的效应,文学语言不仅表达直接的意义,而且表达间接的意义,隐喻和象征是两种常见的达致这一效应的有效途径;然而,应该如何对隐喻与象征进行有效的区分,学术界一直存在争议。翁贝尔托·埃科在《符号学与语言哲学》一书中探讨“隐喻和符号化”问题 Looking at the literary practice at all times and in all countries, it is not hard to find that in the special semantic system of literature, the author often uses various rhetorical techniques to re-encode the language, resulting in the implication of meaning and semantic expansion. Literary language not only expresses Direct meaning, and indirect meanings, metaphors and symbols are two common ways to achieve this effect. However, how to differentiate metaphors and symbols effectively has always been controversial in academia. Omberto Eko explores the issue of “metaphor and symbolism” in his book “Semiology and Linguistic Philosophy”