Tissue ischemia resulting from the constriction or obstruction of blood vessels leads to an illness that may affect many organs including the heart,brain,and legs.In recent years,considerable progress has been made in the field of therapeutic angiogenesis and the new approaches are expected to cure those "no-option patients" who are unsuited to conventional therapies.Although single angiogenic growth factor may be successful in inducing angiogenesis,combination of multiple factors including stem cells is increasingly sought these days to augment the therapeutic response.This trend is proper in light of the fact that blood vessel formation is a complex and multi-step process that requires actions of many different factors.To meet the growing need for functionally significant tissue perfusion in the ischemic region,a novel strategy that can provide concerted actions of multiple factors is required.One way to achieve such a goal is to use a transcription factor that can orchestrate the expression of multiple target genes in the ischemic region and thus induce significant level of arteriogenesis.In this talk,I will present several years of my experience on enhancing the formation of new blood vessels in the ischemic tissue.