Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell failure,which leads to depletion of islet β-cell mass.These defects can be mitigated in part by treatment of T2DM patients with long-acting analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).GLP-1 is an incretion hormone which potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by restoring glucose responsiveness to islet β-cells.GLP-1 treatment can also increase β-cell mass by improving the survival of islet β-cells following hyperglycemia.