Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a neurological disorder that leads to short and possibly long term motor and cognitive dysfunction with no effective therapeutic agent to date.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported to attenuate motor and cognitive deficits resulting from ischemic injury that shares similar cell death mechanisms with TBI.In this study, we investigated the long term neuroprotectiive effects of prophylactic supplementation of n-3 PUFAs against TBI using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model.Our results showed that the inclusion of n-3 PUFAs in the diet for 2 months before TBI and during the entire course of study attenuated short and long term (up to 35 days after TBI) motor deficits as determined using hang wire, cylinder and foot fault tests.Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs also significantly improved cognitive performance of TBI mice in the Morris water maze tests 22-27 days post-TBI.