MAPs can positively contribute to ensuring sustainable livelihoods for the rural populations.Even until recently,MAP resources were exploited nearly without any major limitations.The overexploitation of natural resources threatens with the loss of several valuable species, endangering valuable incomes for rural households, especially in developing countries.New production(collection,cultivation,processing,manufacturing)as well as trade models(including Fair Trade and certification)are needed to offer a system that ensures fair return to gatherers and producers of medical plants.At a time of increased demands and overexploited natural resources,due to its relevant advantages-wherever possible-MAP cultivation should be given priority over wild-crafting.Comprehensive strategic.development projects, farther national legislation, the implementation of international trade regulations,as well as international harmonization are needed to meet the market demands on reliably sourced,good quality MAPs.