Objective:The aim of our study was to describe the time course of proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α,IL-8) and antiinflammatory cytokine (IL-10) responses and apoptosis of neutrophils in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.Furthermore,we aimed to investigate the relation between plasma cytokines concentration and apoptosis of neutrophils.Methods:Thirty patients (aged from 1 to 4) undergoing elective surgery with CPB for ventricular septal defect were enrolled in the study.