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PBO fibers were modified with oxygen dielectric barrier discharge (oxy-DBD) plasma with different treatment time.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the PBO fibers,and the results suggested that oxygen content was increased significantly on PBO fibers and the surface topography was changed obviously after oxy-DBD plasma treatment.The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of PBO/BMI composites suggested the oxy-DBD plasma could improve the adhesion between PBO fibers and BMI resin by more than 40%,reached to 62.0MPa.Meanwhile,the water absorptions were decreased obviously after plasma progress.