In this paper, the applicability and effectiveness of near infrared spectra modeling method on the identification of natural bamboo fibers and ramie fibers are investigated. The discrimination models between natural bamboo fibers and ramie fibers are built by means of Wards algorithm and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis after the first derivative and vector normalization pretreatment, and are verified finally. The results show that: the accuracy of the near infrared spectra model is high, these two kinds of fibers could be classified into two separated groups to achieve the identification simply and exactly.