Objective To investigate the effect of surgical intervention on the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and L-selectin ligand in the endometrium of patients with hydrosalpinx in implantation window.Methods A total of 60 patients with hydrosalpinx and 30 patients with tubal obstruction were recruited,and immunohistochemsitry was done to detect the expression of LIF and L-selectin ligand in the endometrium of hydrosalpinx patients before and after surgery and of patients with tubal obstruction.