Objective: To investigate the expression levels and significance of anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibody and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)in children with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods: Twenty-seven cases of patients diagnosed with DCM were selected to be the DCM group and twenty healthy subjects were chosen as healthy controls at pediatrics of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University between October 2015 and April 2016.The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were measured by cardiac ultrasound.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine the levels of anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibody,CTGF,high-sensitivity troponin T(hs-TnT)and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in the serum.Result:(1)The levels of anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibody and CTGF in DCM group were significantly increased compared with those of healthy controls[(260.23±34.03)pg/ml vs.(224.80±34.90)pg/ml,(1223.44±190.85)pg/ml vs.(937.16±114.50)pg/ml,both P < 0.01].(2)In DCM group the levels of anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibody and CTGF were higher when hs-TnT>14pg/ml than hs-TnT≤14pg/ml [(269.56±34.78)pg/ml vs.(233.56±8.3)pg/ml,(1276.88±189.38)pg/ml vs.(1070.76±86.87)pg/ml,both P<0.05].(3)The changes of anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibody and CTGF in DCM group were positively correlated with NT-proBNP(r=0.745,0.763,P<0.05).The change of anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibody in DCM group was positively correlated with CTGF(r=0.534,P <0.01).Conclusion: The anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibody and CTGF may play important roles in the pathogenesis of DCM process.They can be used as new reference indicators to assess the condition of children with DCM and provide new idears for the treatment of DCM.