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Some of Urticaceae are used as ethnomedicine.For example, nettle (Urtica dioica L.and Urtica urens L) root is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).The literature of chemical constituents and biological activities of Urticaceae are main on stinging nettle (U.dioica).Many related researches had been done on stinging nettle before 2000, and the researches have been continued since 2000.While in other species of Urticaceae, the researches arent systematic.To the best of our knowledge, there wasnt review on chemical constituents and biological activities of Urticaceae before this paper.In order to induce the researchment on the whole Urticaceae and make better use of them, we have done this overview.There are reviews on effect and efficacy profi~les of nettle.So we mainly focus on the new phytochemicals isolated from Urticaceae and their biological activities between 2000-2010.The literature are main on Urtica , Boehmeria , Debregeasia , Elatostema , Laportea , Pellionia , Phenax , Pilea , Pipturus and Pouzohia.The main chemical constituents are lignans, secolignans, norlignans, alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, daucosterol and sphingolipid.The main biological activities are antitumor, 5α-reductase inhibitory and hair regrowth promotion, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antiHIV, antiBPH and antioxidative activities.