The 0rchidaceae family has a larger reserve of Chinese traditional precious medicinal herbals.Due to excessive mining already facing endangered, the study of plants and protect work is already urgently needed.That is not only important for phylogenetic studies, but also the most easily to carry out.In recent years, the progress made in the development of DNA marker systems has advanced our understanding of medicinal genetic resources, but the studies based on ideal SSR marker were still relatively lack.In order to conduct more comprehensive phylogenetic studies of Orchidaceae species from the SSR molecular level, here, primers for 307 midicinal Dendrobium EST-SSRs were applied to test the transferability and polymorphism among 44 species of 110rchidaceae genera, and 109 of them showed high transferability (an average of 24.71%) and polymorphism (an average of 85.91%).The markers with high cross-species transferability and polymorphism were selected for phylogeny analysis on nucleotide level, where the results showed a complex genetic architecture among genera, but the genetic bases of species in the some genus showed relatively uniformly.These microsatellite markers enrich the current resource of molecular markers, which would facilitate further evolution and genetic diversity studies, germplasm appraisal of other 0rchidaceae species.