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直至20世纪末,红山文化玉器研究的方法主要限于考古地层学和类型学。在世纪之交召开的几次以玉学、玉文化为主题的学术会议,将研究视线引向多学科、多角度、多层次的方向,尤其是将原始宗教信仰与史前玉器的研究结合起来,并形成了一个新的课题——“玉神学”。这种新兴的玉器研究学术氛围,亦使笔者深受启发。萨满教是一种近现代仍存在于东北亚地区的以巫术为特征的原始宗教形态,“萨满”大致相当于古代的巫师。本文试图突破单纯考古材料的局限,引入民族学中萨满教的研究成果,探究红山文化玉器造型创作的理念与使用功能。
Until the end of the twentieth century, the method of researching Hongshan culture jade mainly confined to archeology and typology. At the turn of the century, several academic conferences focusing on jade and jade culture lead the study to a multidisciplinary, multi-angle and multi-level orientation. In particular, combining the original religious beliefs with the study of prehistoric jade articles, And formed a new topic - “jade theology ”. This emerging jade study academic atmosphere, also made me deeply inspired. Shamanism is a kind of primitive religious form characterized by witchcraft which is still existed in Northeast Asia in modern times. The Shaman is roughly equivalent to the ancient shaman. This paper attempts to break through the limitations of pure archeological materials, introducing the research results of Shamanism in ethnology and exploring the concept and function of Hongshan cultural jade creation.