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In this study,the relationship between El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) andwinter rainfall over Southeast China (SC) is demonstrated based on instrumental andreanalysis data.The results show that ENSO and SC winter rainfall (ENSO-SCrainfall) are highly correlated and intimately coupled through an anomalous highpressure over the northwestern Pacific.In mature phase,El Ni?o (La Ni?a) events cancause more (less) rainfall over the Southeast China in winter.Due to the persistenceand spring barrier of ENSO,SC winter rainfall has potential predictability of abouthalf-year ahead with ENSO as a predictor.Besides,the ENSO-SC rainfall relationship exhibits decadal variability,closerbefore early 1970s (0.47) and after early 1990s (0.76) but weaker between (0.12).Indifferent periods,atmospheric teleconnection patterns have large differences and thepredictability of SC winter rainfall also changes dramatically.For the last 20 years,the relationship of ENSO-SC rainfall is closest and prediction result of SC winterrainfall anomalies based on the ENSO is most creditable.In addition,Causes andmechanisms of decadal modulation of relationship between ENSO and SC winterrainfall need to be further studied.