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Objective Layer 1 (L1) is located superficial of the neocortex, which is composed of GABAergic interneurons and CajaI-Retzius (C-R) cells.Although recently known the majority of layer 1 interneurons migrated from CGE, yet little is known about the distribution of different types of interneurons in the layer 1 with the neocortical development, especially in the three distinct cortical areas, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex and visual cortex.The present study is to explore the distribution of the subtypes of GABAergic neurons and C-R cells in developing neocortical layer 1.Methods We have taken an important first step towards understanding this process by double and triple immunostaining mouse cortical slices with a panel of antibodies at the different early postnatal stages (P1-P14), which has been used extensively for classifying developing interneurons.Results (1) There is no significant difference of the distribution of the specific interneurons among the three cortical areas.(2) From P1 to P6, layer 1 was occupied by C-R cells, but which decrease rapidly with the neocortical development from P7.From P8 to P14, the population of marked interneuron increased from 20% to 80%, 70% of the interneurons express reelin, 48% express GABAARδ, the population of NPY, VIP and calretinin positive interneurons were rather small, about 5%.(3) Triple immunostaining showed VIP and reelin identify two nonoverlapping distinct interneurons.Our data also showed reelin and NPY expressed in the neurogliaform cells liked interneurons.(4) The percentage of the population of distinct interneurons in layer la and layer lb is different.Conclusion The different types of neurons distributed differently in developing neocortical layer 1 which indicated that the different function of layer 1 contributes the neocortical circuit networks.