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Chinas insurance corporate governance only focuses on theoretical analysis, and lacks of empirical analysis,and the board is very importance to the corporate governance and the improvement of the competitiveness.Panel date of Chinas insurance companies is the first time to be used in our study, and the ten performance variables are reduced into four comprehensive variables through the method of factor analysis.By using panel data of individual fixed effects regression model, the relationship is tested between board characteristics and operating efficiency, growth ability, stability and profitability performance.The results show that,the board size,the proportion of executive directors are negatively related to the performance,the independence of the board is positively related to the performance.But the leadership structure,the proportion of female director, proportion of professional background and proportional of educational background have different effects on different performance respectively.The original discoveries of the essay provide empirical evidence to the improvement of insurance companys corporate governance.