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Adaptive liquid crystal(LC)lens offers a tunable focal length and is useful for auto-focusing,2D/3D switchable displays,and tunable photonic devices.The basic operation principle of an LC lens is to generate gradient refractive index profile across the LC layer.Most LC lenses developed so far employ nematic LCs,which offer a large birefringence for achieving a short focal length.However,two urgent issues remain to be overcome: polarization dependency and slow response time,especially when a thick LC layer is involved.