Hidden force in H2O

来源 :第十二届全国物理力学学术会议 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:dreamlisheng
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  The ultra-short-range interactions of inter-electron-pair Coulomb repulsion, intermolecular van der Waals force, and intramolecular exchange interaction have been identified as the key to the unusually asymmetric relaxation in length and stiffness of the master-slave-segmented "O2-∶H+/p-O2-" hydrogen-bond (H-bond), and hence anomalies of water ice in response to cooling, clustering, and squeezing.Consistency between experimental observations and numerical calculations, verified our expectations.i) Compression shortens-and-stiffens the softer "O2-∶H+/p" non-bond, and meanwhile, lengthens-and-softens the stiffer "H+/p-O2-" real-bond, through Coulomb repulsion, leading to the O2-∶H+/p-O2-proton symmetrization towards ice-X phase, low compressibility, phase-transition temperature (Tc) depression, band gap expansion, softer phonon (<300 cm-1) stiffening and stiffer phonon (>3 000 cm-1) softening.ii) Molecular-undercoordination of (H2O)N clusters functions oppositely to compression, resulting in molecular volume expansion, melting point (viscosity) elevation, binding energy entrapment, bonding charge densification and polarization, stiffer phonon stiffening and softer phonon softening of water surface, clusters, and ultrathin films that manifest glue-and ice-like and hydrophobic nature at the ambient.iii) Because of the segmental-thermodynamic-disparity of the H-bond, cooling contraction happens alternatively to the non-and the real-bond in the 373-50 K temperature range, subjecting to the relative specific heat of the segments in a given temperature range.
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