The production of sufficient live food for the larviculture stage is a bottleneck for aquaculture expansion and diversification.As a substitute for the natural food,the larvae ("naupli") of the brine shrimp Artemia are used as a universal live food source thanks to its convenience,flexibility in use,and nutritional value.Moreover,Artemia is an excellent model organism to study the nutritional value and modes of action of probiotic and pathogenic microorganisms in aquatic metazoans.