数模试验需要各种相关的水文要素资料。本文对各水文要素资料(水位、流量、输沙率和颗粒级配等)的采集和整编过程中存在的系统误差和偶然误差进行详细分析,并提出减弱这些误差的有效方法,提高水文测验数据成果的精度,准确掌握河道水文要素特征,为数模试验提供基础数据,并为水利及港航工程的设计、建设和维护提供基础依据,同时为防洪抗旱的决策提供准确详尽的资料。 Numerical modeling tests require a variety of relevant hydrological data. In this paper, systematic errors and accidental errors in the process of collecting and reorganizing hydrological data (such as water level, flow rate, sediment transport rate and particle size distribution) are analyzed in detail and effective methods to reduce these errors are put forward to improve the hydrological test data The accuracy of the results, accurately grasp the features of river hydrological elements and provide the basic data for the numerical simulation and provide the basis for the design, construction and maintenance of water conservancy and harbor engineering while providing accurate and detailed information for flood control and drought relief decision-making.